Methods reading room: what analytical reports actually establish · RESEARCH-11929

Case 2 — Two laboratories, two percentages: are they measuring the same thing?

The summary should say that different quantities were initially mixed and identify how the revised table separates them. No clinical conclusion follows from this bookkeeping correction.

Case 3 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?

Put the species or model, design, comparator and measured endpoint before the interpretation. The reader should be able to see what was observed without relying on the headline.

Case 3 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?

Was the analysis prespecified or exploratory, and how was uncertainty reported? Record what the paper states and mark unreported fields instead of assuming good practice.

Case 3 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?

Separate the authors’ proposed mechanism from the measurements that support it. A plausible explanation is not automatically a demonstrated pathway.

Case 3 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?

A human-benefit claim needs appropriate human evidence. This preclinical note should describe its model and translation limits rather than suggesting a treatment change.

Case 3 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?

The corrected summary can be useful without a clinical promise: model, methods, endpoint, uncertainty and remaining questions. Link each material statement to its source location.

Case 3 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?

Check the primary paper, supplementary material and any publisher correction. A review article can help locate sources, but it is not a substitute for verifying the cited observation.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

A archive table has a transcription error in a unit label. A later publisher notice also changes a figure. How can the correction history distinguish those two events?

Exercise RESEARCH-11929/4: address this question within its stated limits.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

Use separate entries for the internal transcription correction and the publisher notice. They have different sources and may affect different claims.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

Each entry should retain the date, old text, corrected text, reason and source reference. For a publisher notice, link the notice as well as the original paper.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

Ask whether the changed figure affects the archive’s interpretation. Updating a citation alone may leave an unsupported conclusion in the opening summary.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

Keep a visible correction near the affected material and a linked changelog entry. Readers who saved the earlier version should be able to understand what changed.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

If the source is not accessible, label the revision pending verification. An unavailable document is not a reason to invent its contents.

Case 4 — A correction log that survives the next archive update

The final note should distinguish corrected data transcription, changed source evidence and revised interpretation. Preserve that distinction in subsequent exports.

Case 5 — Assay-specific reference ranges: what must travel with a result?

A value has been quoted without units, assay method or reference interval. What would make the discussion interpretable?

Exercise RESEARCH-11929/5: address this question within its stated limits.