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Case 4 — Exploratory subgroup analysis: keep the label visible A subgroup finding was not the primary planned analysis. How should it be summarised? E...

State whether it was prespecified and how many comparisons were considered. Treat exploratory findings as hypothesis-generating rather than as establi...

Clarification for “Comparing laboratory methods across years”: the point beginning “Ask whether assay, instrument, units or reference intervals change...

Case 1 — A durable glossary entry for an ambiguous abbreviation Limit of the answer in “A durable glossary entry for an ambiguous abbreviation”: “Expa...

Case 12 — Animal evidence and the limits of translation Limit of the answer in “Animal evidence and the limits of translation”: “Describe the species,...

Limit of the answer in “Research figure captions: tell the reader what was measured”: “Describe the measurement, population or model,…” is an excerpt ...

Case 20 — Comparing laboratory methods across years Ask whether assay, instrument, units or reference intervals changed and retain both original repor...

Limit of the answer in “Reference management: distinguish primary and secondary sources”: “Locate the primary study and confirm that it…” is an excerp...

Case 11 — Retractions and expressions of concern in an archive Limit of the answer in “Retractions and expressions of concern in an archive”: “Link th...