Literature notebook: study design, measurements and translation limits · RESEARCH-31198

Case 34 — Correlation in a small observational dataset · source wording exercise

Clarification for “Correlation in a small observational dataset”: the point beginning “Association does not identify direction or causation, and…” belongs to the question as written. It should not be read as a report that a new check, purchase or experiment has been completed. Review focus: source wording. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.

Case 19 — Selection bias in a self-reported forum sample

Summary draft for “Selection bias in a self-reported forum sample”: the answer addresses “Discuss who chose to post, missing outcomes, unverifiable records…”; the related point is “Such material can suggest questions but…”. Keep both connected to the opening question, and mark any conclusion needing further records as unresolved. Review focus: scope. Keep the stated question separate from any broader claim.

Case 19 — Selection bias in a self-reported forum sample

Correction note for “Selection bias in a self-reported forum sample”: retain the wording beginning “Discuss who chose to post, missing outcomes, unverifiable records…” in the record. If later material changes it, add the date, the changed wording and the source for that change; do not invent a completed correction here. Keep the stated question separate from any broader claim.

Case 26 — Clinical questions in an archive discussion · source wording exercise

Correction note for “Clinical questions in an archive discussion”: retain the wording beginning “Individual decisions belong with a qualified clinician who…” in the record. If later material changes it, add the date, the changed wording and the source for that change; do not invent a completed correction here. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.

Case 25 — Data provenance: keep source, transformation and output together · source wording exercise

A table has been copied into a new format without its source or transformation notes. What should accompany it?

Review focus: source wording. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase. Use the original answer fragment “Make synthetic examples explicit and never combine them…” as the discussion anchor; no new event or result is supplied.

Exercise RESEARCH-31198/25: address this question within its stated limits.

Case 20 — An evidence table with room for negative findings

How can a reading table avoid highlighting only positive outcomes?

Exercise RESEARCH-31198/20: address this question within its stated limits.

Case 33 — A literature note that separates hypothesis from observation · source wording exercise

Clarification for “A literature note that separates hypothesis from observation”: the point beginning “Keep speculation explicitly labelled and avoid translating…” belongs to the question as written. It should not be read as a report that a new check, purchase or experiment has been completed. Review focus: source wording. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.

Case 20 — An evidence table with room for negative findings

Include all prespecified outcomes where reported, null findings, exclusions and limitations. Separate the authors’ interpretation from the table’s direct observations.

Case 27 — A durable glossary entry for an ambiguous abbreviation · source wording exercise

Correction note for “A durable glossary entry for an ambiguous abbreviation”: retain the wording beginning “Add a cross-reference for alternate meanings rather than assuming that every…” in the record. If later material changes it, add the date, the changed wording and the source for that change; do not invent a completed correction here. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.

Case 20 — An evidence table with room for negative findings

Clarification for “An evidence table with room for negative findings”: the point beginning “Include all prespecified outcomes where reported, null…” belongs to the question as written. It should not be read as a report that a new check, purchase or experiment has been completed. Review focus: scope. Keep the stated question separate from any broader claim.

Case 25 — Data provenance: keep source, transformation and output together · source wording exercise

Correction note for “Data provenance: keep source, transformation and output together”: retain the wording beginning “Make synthetic examples explicit and never combine them…” in the record. If later material changes it, add the date, the changed wording and the source for that change; do not invent a completed correction here. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.

Case 30 — Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract? · source wording exercise

Correction note for “Reading a preclinical paper: what belongs beside the abstract?”: retain the wording beginning “The reader should be able to see what was…” in the record. If later material changes it, add the date, the changed wording and the source for that change; do not invent a completed correction here. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.

Case 20 — An evidence table with room for negative findings

Limit of the answer in “An evidence table with room for negative findings”: “Include all prespecified outcomes where reported, null…” is an excerpt from the discussion, not an independent verification. A reader needs the relevant original material before treating an interpretation as established. Review focus: scope. Keep the stated question separate from any broader claim.

Case 20 — An evidence table with room for negative findings

Method note for “An evidence table with room for negative findings”: use “Include all prespecified outcomes where reported, null…” as a row heading in a proposed working record. Put the statement, its supporting source or measurement, and any unresolved detail in separate fields. This proposes a format; it supplies no additional evidence. Keep the stated question separate from any broader claim.

Case 31 — A correction log that survives the next archive update · source wording exercise

Method note for “A correction log that survives the next archive update”: use “They have different sources and may…” as a row heading in a proposed working record. Put the statement, its supporting source or measurement, and any unresolved detail in separate fields. This proposes a format; it supplies no additional evidence. Retain the source wording beside any paraphrase.